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Cornish_Celt · #1 (**permalink**) 03-27-2013, 08:17 AM

The Return of German Volume Training

To achieve maximum size, many lifters opt for a program that keeps the reps at around 8 or lower. Nothing's wrong with this method, as the muscles are significantly challenged, and more importantly, hypertrophy-stimulating hormones are released from lifting the heavy loads.
On the other hand, most high-rep programs are more geared towards general conditioning, fat loss, and "leaning out" without a real emphasis on getting huge.
But then there's German Volume Training.
It's simple, but its effectiveness is undeniable. The standard protocol for German Volume Training (GVT), made popular by strength training guru Charles Poliquin, is comprised of choosing a large movement for a given muscle group and performing 10 sets of 10 reps with only 60 seconds rest between sets.
With parameters like this, it makes for a good way to make a lighter weight feel real "heavy" real fast.
GVT: The Pros

On paper, GVT looks like a Sunday stroll in comparison to most higher intensity programs. Sixty percent your one-rep max? How the hell is this supposed to build muscle?
Don't be fooled. The effectiveness of GVT is revealed when you look at things from a "total weight lifted" perspective. For example, say you were to do a max strength workout and you squatted or benched 300 for 8 sets of 3 reps.
This means in total, you lifted 7200 lbs. over the course of the workout. Compare this to a GVT workout with a meager 100 lbs. for 10x10: By the end of this workout, you've lifted 10,000 lbs.!
Simply put, while giving your CNS a break by not pounding it with super heavy loads, you're increasing your time under tension (which can actually potentiate hormonal release), and as a bonus, the short rest intervals will improve the muscle's conditioning and strength endurance, and (depending on the workout) aid in cutting body fat.
Plus, you spend less time in the gym as the workouts are usually much shorter than normal!
GVT: The Cons

Alas, no hypertrophy program is perfect. Because of GVT's comparatively high rep range, there's no max effort work in this program; after the actual 10x10 exercise, most lifters are too fatigued to even attempt lifting any heavier than a tube of Traumeel.
Subsequently, you may not see a notable improvement on your 1RM from a program like this – 1RM performance may even decrease, temporarily – which is about as appealing to the typical fast twitch 1RM junkie as a soy and wheat grass enema. But if strictly size is what you're after and you can handle staying away from the big loads for a while, you've chosen a great program.
How to Play This Game

Since introducing the mainstream strength training world to GVT over 15 years ago, Coach Poliquin has come up with much more advanced, specific forms of the system to implement with his athletes. For simplicity's sake (and to cater to the most readers) we'll stick with its most basic, straightforward outline.
German Volume Training can be incorporated in many different ways. Some lifters prefer using it in entire upper body and lower body workouts (for instance, supersetting 10 x 10 of bench press with 10 x 10 of T-bar rows or 10 x 10 of squats with 10 x 10 of leg curls).
This method is certainly effective, but because of the blood shunting away from one particular group, and even further limits to ATP restoration, I prefer targeting individual muscle groups in isolation on a 4-day rotation.
Since we're working so far away from max strength, the right exercise selection for 100 repetitions is vital. It's important to make sure that it has the most "bang for its buck," or you could just be wasting more time, effort, and energy than trying to wean Charlie Sheen off hookers and blow.
Here are my preferred movements for GVT:

Back Movements

Close grip pulldowns/Wide grip pulldowns
Pull ups/chin ups
BB bent over rows/T-bar rows
Seated rows/Wide grip rows

Chest Movements

BB/DB flat, incline or decline bench press
Seated cable chest press

Leg Movements

Front squats
Back squats
Box squats
Leg press
Hack squats

Shoulder Movements

Standing BB press
DB seated press
Push press
Seated DB clean and press

I'd also recommend choosing 2 to 3 more supplementary "assistance" exercises to follow up your 10x10 for the same muscle group.
GVT: Sample Week Split Program

Day 1 – Back
A) V-Grip lat pulldown 10x10
B1) Bent-over DB fly 4x12
B2) Wide grip row 4x12
C) Decline pullover 4x12

Day 2 – Chest
A) BB incline bench press 10x10
B1) Blast Strap push-ups 4x12
B2) DB fly 4x12
C) Floor press 4x12

Day 3 – Legs
A) Front squats 10x10
B1) Romanian deadlifts 4x12
B2) Reverse lunges from deficit 4x12

Day 4 – Shoulders
A) Standing BB shoulder press 10x10
B1) BB high pulls 4x12
B2) Seated lateral raise 4x12
C) Face pulls 4x12

Day 5 (Optional) – Arms
A1) Barbell curl 4x12
A2) EZ bar French press 4x12
B1) Overhead biceps curls (from lat pulldown bar) 4x12
B2) Weighted dips 4x12
C) Decline skullcrusher "plus" 4x12

This simpler, less advanced method deviates slightly from King Charles' original layout (i.e. no antagonistic supersets), however the same general principles still apply. The main volume of the workout per muscle group comes from the 10x10; the secondary movements are clearly second fiddle and the lifter is allowed to rest as long as necessary between supersets.
I've found this method to work quite well – especially for less experienced lifters. Furthermore, the weekly energy expenditure is slightly lowered due to the once-per-week training method per muscle group, as opposed to using a 4 or 5-day rotation.
I've also avoided GVT for direct arm work, simply for the fact that for the typical lifter, arm growth will be achieved mainly through the high volume of chest and back movements (especially incline bench and close grip overhead pulling).

The Rulebook

First, rest is limited to 60 seconds, and the most "cheating" that is permitted is extending the rest interval to a maximum of 70 seconds close to the end of the workout. Having said that, there's one common mistake people tend to make when German Volume Training: The weight lifted starts within a range of 60 to 70% of the 1RM, and should finish there too.
This means you shouldn't lower the weight, even though you begin to struggle to get all 10 reps in by set 6 or 7. Ten reps is still the number to aim for, but if you've picked the correct weight, you won't get there.
To illustrate: If your 1RM for the bench press is 300 lbs., it would make sense to start your first set of 10 reps between 195-210 lbs (approximately 65 - 70% of 1RM).
At 60 seconds rest between your sets of 10, by the 6th set or so, your strength endurance will almost certainly begin to fade. For your subsequent sets, the temptation to lower the weight so that it's still within your capacity to complete all ten reps as intended will be overwhelming.
The problem with doing so is that slowly but surely, the weight you're lifting will dip further and further below the optimal percentage of your 1RM to still utilize type II muscle fibers (or whatever's left of them).
Due to the low rest interval, tons of slow twitch muscle fibers are already involved towards the end because of the lactate production, shutting down explosiveness. The last thing we want to do is let any of the remaining fast twitch fibers give up their usefulness by lifting below 60% of our max.
Whether you hit all ten reps or not, the training effect will stay intact. Using the example above, here's an idea of what I mean:
Bench Press – 1RM: 300 lbs.

Set --- Weight Lifted (lbs) --- Reps Performed
1 ---------205 (68%) -----------10
2 ---------205 ------------------10
3 ---------205 ------------------10
4 ---------200 ------------------10
5 ---------200 ------------------10
6 ---------190 ------------------8
7 ---------180 ------------------8
8 ---------185 ------------------9*
9 ---------180 ------------------8
10 --------180 (60%) -----------7

*As noted by Poliquin, you can expect to see a minor improvement in your performance somewhere around the 8th set due to neurological adaptations.
As you can see in the above example, rather than dropping to 170 or below to reach all 10 reps, it's a good idea to keep 60% intensity as your basement number.
One thing to remember is to switch up the main movement each week. If you did incline bench for 10x10 in week 1, hit up the flat or decline on the 2nd week. In a program like this, it would benefit you to tap into a different pool of motor units in a given muscle group from workout to workout to avoid redundancy and a possible plateau.